VM_Centos7.3_X64_安装Oracle12C 总结笔记-白红宇

VM_Centos7.3_X64_安装Oracle12C 总结笔记

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发布时间：2019-06-28

本文共 35294 字，大约阅读时间需要 117 分钟。

声明：本文居多内容参考原文来之网络；

一：安装Centos7.3 虚拟机

1：操作系统下载

CentOS 7官方下载地址：

说明：本案例使用的版本安包

以下针对各个版本的ISO镜像文件，进行一一说明：

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-DVD-1503-01.iso 标准安装版，一般下载这个就可以了（推荐）

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-NetInstall-1503-01.iso 网络安装镜像（从网络安装或者救援系统）

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-Everything-1503-01.iso 对完整版安装盘的软件进行补充，集成所有软件。（包含centos7的一套完整的软件包，可以用来安装系统或者填充本地镜像）

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-GnomeLive-1503-01.iso GNOME桌面版

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-KdeLive-1503-01.iso KDE桌面版

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-livecd-1503-01.iso 光盘上运行的系统，类拟于winpe

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-minimal-1503-01.iso 精简版，自带的软件最少

2:VM虚拟机下载及安装

1：VM 安装包下载：

注：其注册码自己百度

2：VM 程序安装教程：请查看《》

3：VM 虚拟机安装 Centos7.3 系统

1：请查看《》

2：在系统重启后出现了 lic 等错误配置信息。请自己百度

4：配置静态ip地址：

1：请参考此文：《》

5：搭建yum　环境：

　１：请参考此文：《　　　　》

二　：Ｏracle12C数据库安装

1：安装包下载

1：安装步骤参考了此文：《》

2：

官方的下载地址：

1：

2：

URL地址2需要先注册，然后才能登陆下载，注册登陆界面

关于这两者有啥区别：听一个同事说，用metalink 账号下载的安装文件完整一些。具体情况是不是如此，还不得而知。

地址1下载的文件为：

linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip

linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip

地址2下载的文件为：

V38500-01_1of2.zip

V38500-01_2of2.zip

2）检查硬件要求(Check Hardware Requirements)

1 Check CPU

1 [root@localhost ~]#  grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo  2 model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz  3 model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz  4 model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz  5 model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz  6 [root@localhost ~]#   7 [root@localhost ~]#  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l  8 4  9 [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l 10 2 11 [root@localhost ~]#

2 Check Memory

1 root@localhost ~]#  grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo  2 MemTotal:        3587024 kB  3 [root@localhost ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo  4 SwapTotal:       3801084 kB  5 [root@localhost ~]#  free -g  6               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available  7 Mem:              3           0           0           0           2           2  8 Swap:             3           0           3  9 [root@localhost ~]#

Oracle 12c 对系统内存的最低要求为1G，推荐2G或更大的内存，从上面结果可以知道系统内存23G，完全满足要求。

Oracle对交换分区（Swap Space）的推荐设置如下，这里Swap Space为35G，不是16G,需要做一下调整。

clip_image008

3 Check Disk Capacity

1 [root@localhost ~]# df -h  2 Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on  3 /dev/mapper/cl-root   50G  6.9G   44G  14% /  4 devtmpfs             1.7G     0  1.7G   0% /dev  5 tmpfs                1.8G  140K  1.8G   1% /dev/shm  6 tmpfs                1.8G  9.0M  1.8G   1% /run  7 tmpfs                1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup  8 /dev/sda1           1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot  9 /dev/mapper/cl-home  969G   33M  969G   1% /home 10 tmpfs                351M   40K  351M   1% /run/user/0 11 /dev/sr0             7.8G  7.8G     0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64 12

3: 检查软件要求(Checking the Software Requirements)

用于Oracle Linux 7和Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7的软件包

必须安装以下软件包（或更高版本）：

1 binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64  2 compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64  3 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.i686  4 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.x86_64  5 gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64  6 gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64  7 glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686  8 glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64  9 glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 10 glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 11 ksh 12 libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 13 libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 14 libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 15 libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 16 libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 17 libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 18 libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 19 libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 20 libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 21 libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 22 libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 23 libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 24 libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 25 libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 26 make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 27 sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64

执行脚本

1 yum install      binutil* -y  2 yum install      compat* -y  3 yum install      gcc* -y  4 yum install      glibc* -y  5 yum install      ksh* -y  6 yum install      libaio* -y  7 yum install      libgcc* -y  8 yum install      libstd* -y  9 yum install      libXi* -y 10 yum install      libXtst* -y 11 yum install      make* -y 12 yum install      sysstat* -y

binutils-2.25.1-22.base.el7.x86_64

package compat-libstdc++ is not installed

gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64

gcc-c++-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64

glibc-2.17-157.el7.x86_64

glibc-devel-2.17-157.el7.x86_64

package ksh is not installed

libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64

package libaio-devel is not installed

libgcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64

libstdc++-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64

libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64

libXext-1.3.3-3.el7.x86_64

libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el7.x86_64

libX11-1.6.3-3.el7.x86_64

libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64

libXi-1.7.4-2.el7.x86_64

make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64

sysstat-10.1.5-11.el7.x86_64

4 :系统配置准备

1 创建Oracle用户和用户组(注：我这里没有设置oracle用户的密码：如果有需要请直接用root用户进行 passwd oracle 的命令为oracle用户设置一个密码)

1 [root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba  2 [root@localhost ~]#  groupadd oinstall  3 [root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle  4 [root@localhost ~]# id oracle  5 uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(oinstall) groups=1002(oinstall),1001(dba)  6 [root@localhost ~]#   7

2 创建安装目录

1 root@localhost ~]#  mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle  2 [root@localhost ~]#  chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle  3 [root@localhost ~]#  chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

3 CentOS7关闭防火墙和selinux

1 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus  2 SELinux status:                 enabled  3 SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux  4 SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux  5 Loaded policy name:             targeted  6 Current mode:                   enforcing  7 Mode from config file:          disabled  8 Policy MLS status:              enabled  9 Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed 10 Max kernel policy version:      28 11 [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 12 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus 13 SELinux status:                 enabled 14 SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux 15 SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux 16 Loaded policy name:             targeted 17 Current mode:                   permissive 18 Mode from config file:          disabled 19 Policy MLS status:              enabled 20 Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed 21 Max kernel policy version:      28

1 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld  2 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld  3 Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.  4 Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.  5 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld  6 鈼?firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon  7    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)  8    Active: inactive (dead)  9      Docs: man:firewalld(1) 10  11 Dec 13 20:01:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic fire.... 12 Dec 13 20:01:32 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firew.... 13 Dec 13 22:07:20 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic fire.... 14 Dec 13 22:07:21 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firew.... 15 Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. 16 [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config 17  18 # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. 19 # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: 20 #     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. 21 #     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. 22 #     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. 23 #SELINUX=enforcing 24 SELINUX=disabled 25 # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values: 26 #     targeted - Targeted processes are protected, 27 #     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.  28 #     mls - Multi Level Security protection. 29 SELINUXTYPE=targeted 30  31  32 [root@localhost ~]# reboot

----检查结果：

1 [root@localhost ~]#  /usr/sbin/sestatus  2 SELinux status:                 disabled  3 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/getenforce  4 Disabled  5 [root@localhost ~]#

4 修改系统内核参数

在修改系统内核参数前，你可以用命令先查看一下当前各类系统参数的值，亦或直接查看配置文件/etc/sysctl.conf

1 [root@localhost ~]#  getconf PAGESIZE  2 4096  3 [root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a | grep sem  4 kernel.sem = 250        32000   32      128  5 kernel.sem_next_id = -1  6 [root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a | grep shm  7 kernel.shm_next_id = -1  8 kernel.shm_rmid_forced = 0  9 kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399 10 kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399 11 kernel.shmmni = 4096 12 vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 0 13 [root@localhost ~]#  sysctl -a | grep file-max 14 fs.file-max = 378794 15 [root@localhost ~]#  sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range 16 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768    60999 17 [root@localhost ~]#

关于内核参数的一些设置建议，可以参考下面资料：.

1 kernel.shmmax  2   3 关于内核参数kernel.shmmax，oracle 建议，kernel.shmmax的值不能少于物理内存的一半，而且要大于Oracle中sga-max-size的值，否则会造成oracle性能下降  4   5 一般32bit操作系统，直接设置为系统支持的最大内存即可，64bit操作系统设置大于sga-max-size的值即可  6   7 如：当前内存为2G 则kernel.shmmax = 2*1024*1024=2097152  8   9 当前内存为8G则 kernel.shmmax = 7*1024*1024=7340032 10  11 Kernel.shmall 12  13 Shmall指系统一次可以使用的共享内存段的最大数量，以页为单位。Oracle默认设置为 kernel.shmall = 2097152 14  15 即最大8G（2097152*4/1024/1024），（在调整SGA时需要注意，SGA大小设置不可超过该值），根据系统内存大小和使用的不同可以参考如下：设置的一般规律 16  17 kernel.shmall = 8G/4k=8388608k/4k=2097152    ---内存8G 18  19 kernel.shmall = 16G/4k=16777216k/4k=4194304    ---内存16G 20  21 kernel.shmall = 32G/4k=33554432k/4k=8388608    ---内存32G 22  23 （RedHat linux系统中页大小为4096即4K，实际环境以getconf PAGE_SIZE结果为准） 24  25 kernel.shmmni 26  27 shmmni 指系统共享内存段的最大数量 28  29 oracle设置默认值为4096，一般是足够用了，不需要调整 30  31 文件句柄数的相关内核参数设置 32  33 fs.file-max 34  35 fs.file-max指系统能够打开最大的文件句柄数 36  37 oracle建议设置为65536，一般不用修改 38  39 信号的相关内核参数设置 40  41 kernel.sem 42  43 kernel.sem是指 semmsl，semmns，semopm，semmni这4个参数 44  45 semmsl 指每个线号集的最大信号数，Oracle建议是设置为oracle的最大进程数+10 46  47 semmni 指整个系统的信号集的最大数量 48  49 semmns 指整个系统的信号总数，也就是semmni*semmsl的结果 50  51 semopm 指每个semop系统调用可以执行的信号操作的最大数量 52  53 oracle默认设置 54  55 semmsl=250 56  57 semmns=3200 58  59 semopm=100 60  61 semmni=128 62  63 即kernel.sem= 250 3200 100 128 64  65 例：在oracle  ora.init文件参数中设置PROCESSES参数为5000 66  67 则semmsl=5010,semmni=128，semmns=semmsl* semmni=641280 68  69 另外semopm建议设置等于semmsl值即5010 70  71 那么kernel.sem=5010 641280 5010 128 72  73 网络相关的内核参数设置 74  75 net.core.rmem_default 76  77 net.core.rmem_default 指网络套接字的默认接收缓冲区的大小，oracle建议设置为265K即262144 78  79 net.core.rmem_max 80  81 net.core.rmem_max 指网络套接字的最大接收缓冲区的大小，oracle10g及以前版本建议设置为256k即262144 82  83 oracle11g建议设置为4M 即4194304 84  85 net.core.wmem_default 86  87 net.core.wmem_default指网络套接字的默认发送缓冲区的大小，oracle建议设置为265K即262144 88  89 net.core.wmem_max 90  91 net.core.wmem_max  指网络套接字的最大发送缓冲区的大小，oracle10g及以前版本建议设置为256k即262144 92  93 oracle11g建议设置为1M即1048576 94  95 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range 96  97 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range ，指本地的允许打开随机端口范围 98  99 oracle10g前建议端口范围为1024 65000，oracle11g建议端口范围为：100 65500 并忽略oracle安装程序任何关于这个参数的警告101 102 Asynchronous I/O相关的内核参数设置103 104 fs.aio-max-nr105 106 fs.aio-max-nr 指系统允许的最大的异步IO请求大小107 108 oracle默认设置为1M即1048576，一般不用更改

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修改前最后先备份一下/etc/sysctl.conf，以防万一。

1 [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysc  2 sysconfig/ sysctl.d/  3 [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/  4 [root@localhost etc]# cat sysctl.conf   5 # sysctl settings are defined through files in  6 # /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.  7 #  8 # Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.  9 # To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in 10 # /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override 11 # only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later 12 # name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. 13 # 14 # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5). 15 [root@localhost etc]# cp sysctl.conf  sysctl.conf.bak 16 [root@localhost etc]#  17 #-----在 sysctl.conf 文档下方增加上以下内容

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1 kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399  2 kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399  3 kernel.shmmni = 4096  4 kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128  5 net.core.rmem_default = 262144  6 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304  7 net.core.wmem_default = 262144  8 net.core.wmem_max = 262144  9 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =32768    60999 10 fs.file-max=378794 11 fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

1 [root@localhost etc]# vi sysctl.conf  2   3   4 # sysctl settings are defined through files in  5 # /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.  6 #  7 # Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.  8 # To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in  9 # /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override 10 # only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later 11 # name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. 12 # 13 # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5). 14 kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399 15 kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399 16 kernel.shmmni = 4096 17 kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128 18 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 19 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 20 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 21 net.core.wmem_max = 262144 22 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =32768    60999 23 fs.file-max=378794 24 fs.aio-max-nr=1048576 25 ~ 26 ~ 27 ~ 28 ~ 29 ~ 30 ~ 31 ~ 32 ~ 33 ~ 34 "sysctl.conf" 26L, 782C written 35 [root@localhost etc]#

kernel.shmall =physical RAM size / pagesize (getconf PAGESIZE) -- If the defaults are greater then leave it.

kernel.shmall = 内存大小/4k=23G*1024*1024/4k = 6029312

kernel.shmmax = 20*1024*1024=20971520 而默认的为68719476736，那么使用默认值

修改完成后保存，然后运行sysctl -p 命令使之生效

1 [root@localhost etc]# sysctl -p  2 kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399  3 kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399  4 kernel.shmmni = 4096  5 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128  6 net.core.rmem_default = 262144  7 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304  8 net.core.wmem_default = 262144  9 net.core.wmem_max = 262144 10 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768    60999 11 fs.file-max = 378794 12 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 13 [root@localhost etc]#

5 设置用户限制

在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下配置。

1 oracle soft nproc 2047  2   3 oracle hard nproc 16384  4   5 oracle soft nofile 1024  6   7 oracle hard nofile 65536  8   9 oracle soft stack 10240 10  11 oracle hard stack 10240 12  13 Add the following line to the "/etc/pam.d/login" file, 14  15 if it does not already exist. 16  17 session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so 18  19 session required pam_limits.so 20  21 Add the following to 22  23 /etc/profile if Oracle user will use the bash shell. 24  25 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then 26  27 ulimit -u 16384 28  29 ulimit -n 65536 30  31 fi 32

5: 配置环境变量

首先切换到oracle账户，编辑修改主目录下 .bash_profile

1 [root@localhost ~]# su - oracle  2 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls  3 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls -a  4 .  ..  .bash_logout  .bash_profile  .bashrc  .cache  .config  .mozilla  5 [oracle@localhost ~]$ vi .bash_profile  6   7 # .bash_profile  8   9 # Get the aliases and functions 10 if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then 11         . ~/.bashrc 12 fi 13  14 # User specific environment and startup programs 15  16 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin 17  18 export PATH 19  20  21  22 TMP=/tmp; export TMP 23 TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR 24  25 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE 26 ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME 27 ORACLE_SID=epps; export ORACLE_SID 28 ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM 29 PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH 30 PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH 31  32 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH 33 CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH 34  35 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then 36  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then 37     ulimit -p 16384 38     ulimit -n 65536 39  else 40     ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 41  fi 42 fi 43

使配置生效

1 [oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile  2 [oracle@localhost ~]$  3

6：解压安装镜像文件

上传已经下载好的oracle12c安装包：

//把用root用户上传的安装包放到 oracle 用户的home目录下，并修改文件用户使用权限

1 [root@localhost oracle]# ls  2 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip  linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip  3 [root@localhost oracle]# ll  4 total 2625080  5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1673544724 Dec 13 20:31 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip  6 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1014530602 Dec 13 20:32 linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip  7 [root@localhost oracle]# chown oracle:oinstall linuxamd64_12102_database_*  8 [root@localhost oracle]# ll  9 total 2625080 10 -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1673544724 Dec 13 20:31 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip 11 -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1014530602 Dec 13 20:32 linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip 12 [root@localhost oracle]#

切换到 oracle　用户　并解压　安装包

1 #切换到ORACLE用户  2 [root@localhost oracle]# su - oracle  3 Last login: Wed Dec 13 23:48:45 CST 2017 on pts/2  4 [oracle@localhost ~]$  5 #解压第一个文件压缩包  6 [oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip  7 #在解压完第一个压缩包后再来解压第二个压缩包  8 [oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip  9  10

文件解压完后都放在database文件中

创建一个安装包备份文件夹；把压缩包存放起来：

1 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls  2 database  linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip  linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip  3 [oracle@localhost ~]$ mkdir oracle_database_zip  4   5 [oracle@localhost ~]$ mv linuxamd64_12102_database_* oracle_database_zip/  6 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls  7 database  oracle_database_zip  8 [oracle@localhost ~]$

7: 安装Xme30.exe 软件

软件下载路劲：链接：密码：m1pn 注：如果该版本报错。请到此QQ(6032072430)群的群文件里来下载该版本的安装包

1):安装步骤一直下一步即可

2):注册lic

3):启动工具

注：在打开 Xmanager-Passive 出下图错误解决方法：failed to get the installation date from the system registry

出现了这个问题后，各种可能的想法都想到了，但是，一直得不到解决，后来查到了这样一种办法1.打开Xbrowser2.打开Help, 选择About Browser3.点击Enter Product KeyName ： 3ddown.comOrganization: noneSerial:080807-116451-999766就OK了呵呵，Xmanager不让贴上去，就辛苦大家用手敲上去了

8：oracle 12c （数据库软件）安装步骤图解

查看解压出来的文件权限信息：

1 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ll  2 total 0  3 drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall 117 Jul  7  2014 database  4 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall  90 Dec 13 23:54 oracle_database_zip  5 [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd database/  6 [oracle@localhost database]$ ll  7 total 20  8 drwxr-xr-x  4 oracle oinstall  234 Dec 13 23:52 install  9 drwxrwxr-x  2 oracle oinstall   61 Jul  7  2014 response 10 drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall   34 Jul  7  2014 rpm 11 -rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall 8533 Jul  7  2014 runInstaller 12 drwxrwxr-x  2 oracle oinstall   29 Jul  7  2014 sshsetup 13 drwxr-xr-x 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul  7  2014 stage 14 -rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall  500 Feb  7  2013 welcome.html 15 [oracle@localhost database]$ 16

查看本机（客户机）的ip

启动调用本级（客户机）的图形管理工具并启动安装

1 [oracle@localhost database]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.27:0.0  2 [oracle@localhost database]$ ls  3 install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html  4 [oracle@localhost database]$ ls -a  5 .  ..  install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html  6 [oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller  7

开始进行图解安装过程（注意观察细节变化）

在安装过程中出现了上图提示错误信息：结果分析是 /u01 /u01/app的权限导致的：

处理步骤：逐步赋权

1 [root@localhost oracle]# su - oracle  2 Last login: Wed Dec 13 23:48:45 CST 2017 on pts/2  3 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ll /u01  4 total 0  5 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 20 Dec 13 21:43 app  6 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ll  7 total 0  8 drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall 117 Jul  7  2014 database  9 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall  90 Dec 13 23:54 oracle_database_zip 10 [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd ? 11 -bash: cd: ?: No such file or directory 12 [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd / 13 [oracle@localhost /]$ ll 14 total 28 15 -rw-r--r--.   1 root root    0 Aug 20 02:03 1 16 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin 17 dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root root 4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot 18 drwxr-xr-x   20 root root 3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev 19 drwxr-xr-x. 143 root root 8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc 20 drwxr-xr-x.   4 root root   33 Dec 13 21:41 home 21 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib 22 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64 23 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 media 24 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt 25 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   16 Aug 20 02:19 opt 26 dr-xr-xr-x  203 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 proc 27 dr-xr-x---.  15 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:40 root 28 drwxr-xr-x   38 root root 1120 Dec 13 23:08 run 29 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin 30 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 srv 31 dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 sys 32 drwxrwxrwt.  27 root root 4096 Dec 14 00:16 tmp 33 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01 34 drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  155 Aug 20 01:32 usr 35 drwxr-xr-x.  21 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:08 var 36 [oracle@localhost /]$ ll /u01/app/ 37 total 0 38 drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 6 Dec 14 00:49 oracle 39 [oracle@localhost /]$ su - root 40 Password: 41 Last login: Wed Dec 13 23:09:09 CST 2017 from 192.168.1.27 on pts/2 42 [root@localhost ~]# cd / 43 [root@localhost /]# ll 44 total 28 45 -rw-r--r--.   1 root root    0 Aug 20 02:03 1 46 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin 47 dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root root 4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot 48 drwxr-xr-x   20 root root 3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev 49 drwxr-xr-x. 143 root root 8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc 50 drwxr-xr-x.   4 root root   33 Dec 13 21:41 home 51 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib 52 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64 53 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 media 54 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt 55 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   16 Aug 20 02:19 opt 56 dr-xr-xr-x  206 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 proc 57 dr-xr-x---.  15 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:40 root 58 drwxr-xr-x   38 root root 1120 Dec 13 23:08 run 59 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin 60 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 srv 61 dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 sys 62 drwxrwxrwt.  27 root root 4096 Dec 14 00:56 tmp 63 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01 64 drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  155 Aug 20 01:32 usr 65 drwxr-xr-x.  21 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:08 var 66 [root@localhost /]# chown oracle:oinstall u 67 u01/ usr/ 68 [root@localhost /]# chown oracle:oinstall u01/ 69 [root@localhost /]# ll 70 total 28 71 -rw-r--r--.   1 root   root        0 Aug 20 02:03 1 72 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin 73 dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root   root     4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot 74 drwxr-xr-x   20 root   root     3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev 75 drwxr-xr-x. 143 root   root     8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc 76 drwxr-xr-x.   4 root   root       33 Dec 13 21:41 home 77 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib 78 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64 79 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 media 80 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt 81 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       16 Aug 20 02:19 opt 82 dr-xr-xr-x  205 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 proc 83 dr-xr-x---.  15 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:40 root 84 drwxr-xr-x   38 root   root     1120 Dec 13 23:08 run 85 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin 86 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 srv 87 dr-xr-xr-x   13 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 sys 88 drwxrwxrwt.  27 root   root     4096 Dec 14 00:58 tmp 89 drwxr-xr-x.   3 oracle oinstall   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01 90 drwxr-xr-x.  13 root   root      155 Aug 20 01:32 usr 91 drwxr-xr-x.  21 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:08 var 92 [root@localhost /]# cd u01/ 93 [root@localhost u01]# ll 94 total 0 95 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 20 Dec 13 21:43 app 96 [root@localhost u01]# chown oracle:oinstall app/ 97 [root@localhost u01]# ll 98 total 0 99 drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 20 Dec 13 21:43 app100 [root@localhost u01]# cd app/101 [root@localhost app]# ll102 total 0103 drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 6 Dec 14 00:49 oracle104 [root@localhost app]#

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点击OK ,再点击下图的NEXT 按钮

检测安装环境：

（注：本次安装为第一次安装，有居多细节没注意到：

所以有如下错误，需要处理，每个人的安装都尽不相同；出现问题要冷静处理）

swap安装不通过

解决思路：（注：此内容参考：無心傷害《》）

1 This is a prerequisite condition to test whether sufficient total swap space is available on the system. (more details)  2 Expected Value  3 : 15.64GB (1.6403472E7KB)  16400000  4 Actual Value  5 : 4.87GB (5111800.0KB)  6   7 问题原因是没有swap空间不足导致，需要扩大交换空间  8   9 解决：1、使用dd命令创建一个swap分区 10  11 2、#dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=16400000 12  13 3、格式化刚才创建的分区 14  15 4、# mkswap /home/swap 16  17 5、再使用swapon命令把这个文件分区变成swap分区 18  19 6、#swapon /home/swap 20  21 7、（关闭SWAP分区的命令为：#swapoff /home/swap) 22  23 8、再用free -m 查看已经扩容的了swap分区。 24  25 9、为了能够让swap自动挂载，需要修改etc/fstab文件，用vi /etc/fstab 26  27 10、在文件末尾加上 /home/swap swap swap default 0 0 28  29 11、这样就算重启系统，swap分区也不用手动挂载了 30  31 12、但是我感觉好像我重启了系统 swap就没有了，然后我又百度了一下，要执行下面一段命令  #echo  "swapon  /home/swap" >> /etc/inittab  32  33 13、然后在看 vi 看下 /etc/inittab 34  35 14、最后一行是swapon  /home/swap，这样就万事大吉了。 36

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实际操作步骤：

1 [root@localhost app]# df -h  2 Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on  3 /dev/mapper/cl-root   50G   13G   38G  26% /  4 devtmpfs             1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev  5 tmpfs                1.9G   84K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm  6 tmpfs                1.9G  9.1M  1.9G   1% /run  7 tmpfs                1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup  8 /dev/sda1           1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot  9 /dev/mapper/cl-home  969G  5.3G  964G   1% /home 10 tmpfs                378M   16K  378M   1% /run/user/42 11 tmpfs                378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0 12 [root@localhost app]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=16400000 13  14  15  16  17  18 16400000+0 records in 19 16400000+0 records out 20 16793600000 bytes (17 GB) copied, 225.418 s, 74.5 MB/s 21 [root@localhost app]#  22 [root@localhost app]#  23 [root@localhost app]#  24 [root@localhost app]#  25 [root@localhost app]#  26 [root@localhost app]# mkswap /home/swap 27 Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 16399996 KiB 28 no label, UUID=c59f97e2-8078-4db5-96fd-506e319d2f1e 29 [root@localhost app]# swapon /home/swap 30 swapon: /home/swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested. 31 [root@localhost app]# free -m  32               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available 33 Mem:           3774         408         108           2        3258        3047 34 Swap:         19727          88       19638 35 [root@localhost app]# /home/swap swap swap default 0 0 36 -bash: /home/swap: Permission denied 37 [root@localhost app]# echo   "swapon  /home/swap" >> /etc/inittab  38 [root@localhost app]# cat  /etc/inittab 39 # inittab is no longer used when using systemd. 40 # 41 # ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM. 42 # 43 # Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target 44 # 45 # systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets: 46 # 47 # multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3 48 # graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5 49 # 50 # To view current default target, run: 51 # systemctl get-default 52 # 53 # To set a default target, run: 54 # systemctl set-default TARGET.target 55 # 56 swapon  /home/swap 57 [root@localhost app]#

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查看文件分区过程：

1 [root@localhost ~]# ls  2 anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  Documents  Downloads  initial-setup-ks.cfg  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos  3 [root@localhost ~]# ll  4 total 8  5 -rw-------. 1 root root 1848 Aug 20 02:28 anaconda-ks.cfg  6 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Desktop  7 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Documents  8 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Downloads  9 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1879 Aug 20 02:59 initial-setup-ks.cfg 10 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Music 11 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Pictures 12 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Public 13 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Templates 14 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Videos 15 [root@localhost ~]# cd / 16 [root@localhost /]# ll 17 total 28 18 -rw-r--r--.   1 root   root        0 Aug 20 02:03 1 19 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin 20 dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root   root     4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot 21 drwxr-xr-x   20 root   root     3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev 22 drwxr-xr-x. 143 root   root     8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc 23 drwxr-xr-x.   4 root   root       45 Dec 14 01:17 home 24 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib 25 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64 26 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 media 27 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt 28 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       16 Aug 20 02:19 opt 29 dr-xr-xr-x  208 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 proc 30 dr-xr-x---.  15 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:40 root 31 drwxr-xr-x   38 root   root     1120 Dec 13 23:08 run 32 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin 33 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 srv 34 dr-xr-xr-x   13 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 sys 35 drwxrwxrwt.  27 root   root     4096 Dec 14 01:07 tmp 36 drwxr-xr-x.   3 oracle oinstall   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01 37 drwxr-xr-x.  13 root   root      155 Aug 20 01:32 usr 38 drwxr-xr-x.  21 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:08 var 39 [root@localhost /]# cd home/ 40 [root@localhost home]# ll 41 total 12582848 42 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx 43 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle 44 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     12014789632 Dec 14 01:20 swap 45 [root@localhost home]# ll 46 total 20971452 47 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx 48 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle 49 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     14392722432 Dec 14 01:20 swap 50 [root@localhost home]# ll 51 total 20971452 52 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx 53 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle 54 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     14560011264 Dec 14 01:20 swap 55 [root@localhost home]# ll 56 total 20971452 57 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx 58 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle 59 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15027790848 Dec 14 01:20 swap 60 [root@localhost home]# ll 61 total 20971452 62 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx 63 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle 64 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15271343104 Dec 14 01:20 swap 65 [root@localhost home]# ll 66 total 20971452 67 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx 68 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle 69 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15363781632 Dec 14 01:20 swap 70 [root@localhost home]# ll 71 total 20971452 72 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx 73 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle 74 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15472714752 Dec 14 01:20 swap 75 [root@localhost home]# ll 76 total 20971452 77 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx 78 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle 79 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15582548992 Dec 14 01:21 swap 80 [root@localhost home]# ll 81 total 20971452 82 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx 83 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle 84 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15740661760 Dec 14 01:21 swap 85 [root@localhost home]# ll 86 total 20971452 87 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx 88 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle 89 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15752806400 Dec 14 01:21 swap 90 [root@localhost home]# ll 91 total 20971452 92 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx 93 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle 94 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15763570688 Dec 14 01:21 swap 95 [root@localhost home]# ll 96 total 20971452 97 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx 98 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle 99 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15833857024 Dec 14 01:21 swap100 [root@localhost home]# ll101 total 20971452102 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx103 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle104 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16249556992 Dec 14 01:21 swap105 [root@localhost home]# ll106 total 20971452107 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx108 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle109 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16305736704 Dec 14 01:21 swap110 [root@localhost home]# ll111 total 20971452112 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx113 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle114 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16477321216 Dec 14 01:21 swap115 [root@localhost home]# ll116 total 20971452117 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx118 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle119 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16590128128 Dec 14 01:21 swap120 [root@localhost home]# ll121 total 20971452122 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx123 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle124 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16700355584 Dec 14 01:21 swap125 [root@localhost home]# ll126 total 20971452127 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx128 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle129 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16789797888 Dec 14 01:21 swap130 [root@localhost home]# ll131 total 16400000132 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx133 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle134 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap135 [root@localhost home]# ll136 total 16400000137 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx138 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle139 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap140 [root@localhost home]# ll141 total 16400000142 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx143 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle144 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap145 [root@localhost home]# ll146 total 16400000147 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx148 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle149 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap150 [root@localhost home]# ll151 total 16400000152 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx153 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle154 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap155 [root@localhost home]# ll156 total 16400000157 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx158 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle159 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap160 [root@localhost home]#

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检查完毕后，swap分区问题已经没有了；

缺少依赖包

This is a prerequisite condition to test whether the package "compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (x86_64)" is available on the system. (more details)

Expected Value

: compat-libstdc++-33(x86_64)-3.2.3

Actual Value

: missing

解决思路：直接用yum install compat-libstdc* –y 这个命令来安装这个包

再次检查下：

对应校验一直无法通过而且也没有办法处理的时候；请参考下图步骤：

(借用oracle11g安装不通过时的操作)